<Z/A> has not been recalculated for revised atomic masses.
In no application here does it matter, and in any case the changes
should not affect a number given to only five places.
Nuclear collision and interaction cross sections based on Glauber
model are calculated using code by
Sergei Striganov (FNAL). Table entries are for 200 GeV/c
neutrons. Cross sections are reasonably independent of momentum over
this region, as shown in the figure.
Click for bigger pdf version
Rossi's definition of critical energy is used: It is the energy
at which the (negative) electron ionization per radiation length
is equal to the electron energy. This is said to give a Moliere radius
value more in agreement with experiment than the ionization loss rate =
radiative loss rate algorithm.
In contrast, the muon critical energy given in the table is the energy
at which ionization and radiative loss rates are equal.
For most compounds and mixtures, effective ionization
energies and density effect parameters are from early papers
by Sternheimer, Selter and Berger, notably S. M Seltzer & M. J. Berger,
Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 33, 1189 (1953).
For some which are not in the original tables, the ionization energies
are either found in the literature (NaCl) or by Bragg addition with the
famous 13% correction. The density effect parameters are then calculated
using the algorithm given by Sternheimer and Peierls
(Phys. Rev. B 3, 3681 (1971)).
The data file used to generate these tables can include properties
such as boiling and melting points in a fairly open-ended
way. For examples see Al2O3 and methane.
Inserting the numbers by hand is fairly laborious. More will be added
when volunteers appear.
Index of refraction is evaluated at the sodium D line
(blend of 589.0 nm and 589.6 nm; weighted average 589.2 nm).
Most polymers do not have a well-defined specific gravity
or index of refraction.
The values given should be regarded as typical, not absolute.
For compounds and mixtures, Bragg addition (mass fraction weighted sum)
is used to calculate muon radiative loss rate and the reciprocals of
radiation length, nuclear collison length, and nuclear interaction length.
Revised 2014 August 12 by DEG
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